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1 sculpture
I 1. ['skʌlptʃə(r)]nome scultura f.2. II ['skʌlptʃə(r)]verbo transitivo scolpire* * *[- ə]1) (the art of modelling or carving figures, shapes etc: He went to art school to study painting and sculpture.) scultura2) (work done by a sculptor: These statues are all examples of ancient Greek sculpture.) scultura* * *sculpture /ˈskʌlptʃə(r)/n. [u]scultura.(to) sculpture /ˈskʌlptʃə(r)/A v. t.B v. i.● (archit.) sculptured columns, colonne scolpite □ sculpturing in wood, lavoro di scultura del legno.* * *I 1. ['skʌlptʃə(r)]nome scultura f.2. II ['skʌlptʃə(r)]verbo transitivo scolpire -
2 Montferrand, Auguste Ricard de
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. 1786d. 1858[br]French architect who was responsible for the rebuilding of the Cathedral of St Isaac in St Petersburg (1817–57).[br]As a young man Montferrand is believed to have spent some time working on Pierre Vignon's Church of the Madeleine in Paris. He went to Russia in the early nineteenth century, arriving in 1816 in St Petersburg, where he worked as a draughtsman. The following year a competition was held to rebuild the great Cathedral of St Isaac in the city, and Montferrand submitted a variety of eclectic designs which gained him the task of designing the cathedral. A succession of plans were prepared and altered over the years and it was 1842 before the design was finally agreed. Though French, Montferrand produced a very Russian building, immensely large and monumental and with an interior superbly rich in the variety of its materials: the monolithic columns of red Finnish granite, their capitals and bases gilded; the marbles of many colours; lapis lazuli; malachite; mosaics; paintings; and sculpture. St Isaac is a classical building on Greek cross plan with a large central dome carried on a Corinthian, colonnaded drum with smaller cupolas set around it. Below are façades with four weighty Corinthian porticoes, pedimented and sculptured. Noteworthy, and characteristic of the time, was Montferrand's masonry dome, which was supported by a framework of cast-iron girders; this was the first use of such a large-scale structure of this type in Russia.[br]Further ReadingGeorge Heard Hamilton, 1954, The Art and Architecture of Russia, Penguin, Pelican History of Art.DYBiographical history of technology > Montferrand, Auguste Ricard de
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